Lab+2+Rocks

==== Earth is made up of three different types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are created when molten rock (magma) crystallizes and solidifies. There are two different types of igneous rocks, intrusive which are created underneath earthâ€™s surface cooling at a slow rate, extrusive cool rapidly because it is created above earthâ€™s surface and therefor exposed to the winds. Sedimentary rock on the other hand is developed over long periods of time because it is layers after layers of minerals and debris that have been compressed. Metamorphic rocks are compacted by pressure and heat from deep inside the earth. Metamorphic rocks are created by taking pre-existing rock types like sedimentary, igneous, and other metamorphic rocks and changing their physical and chemical make up. ====
 * EXERCISE 1: IDENTIFICATION OF ROCKS**

TABLE 1

 * **Mineral** || **Color** || **Luster** || **Streak** || **Hardness** || **Other** ||
 * 1.Flourite || green,yellow,purple || vitreous || white || 4 || often fluorescent ||
 * 2.Feldspar: Microline || white,red,green || vitreous || white || 6 ||  ||
 * 3.Hematite || red,brown,black || dull,metallic || dark red || 5.5-6.5 || magnetic when heated ||
 * 4.Pyrite || pale brass yellow || metallic || brown || 6-6.5 || brittle ||
 * 5.Quartz:Milky || colorless,white || vitreous || none || 7 ||  ||
 * 6.Calcite || white,yellow,brown,blue || vitreous,earthy || white || 3 || often fluorescent ||
 * 7.Mica:Muscovite || colorless,yellow,brown || vitreous,pearly || colorless || 2-2.5 || thin sheets are elastic ||
 * 8.Magnetite || iron-black || metallic || black || 6 || magnetic ||
 * 9.Gypsum:Alabaster || white,gray,yellow || pearly,earthy || white || 2 ||  ||
 * 10.Talc || white,green,gray || pearly,greasy || white || 1 || greasy feel ||
 * 11.Pyrolusite || black,steel gray || dull,metalliic || black || 2-6.5 || ranges from hard to powdery ||
 * 12.Mica:Biotite || green,broun,black || pearly || colorless || 2.5-3 || thin sheets are elastic ||
 * 13.Graphite || black || metallic,dull || black || 1-2 || greasy feel ||
 * 14.Gypsum: Satin Spar || white,gray || silky || white || 2 || fibrous crystals ||
 * 15.Dypsum: Selenite || colorless || transparent || white || 2 ||  ||

"Show and Tell"
RV HW Hematite can be used as an additive to increase concrete weights up to 300 lbs/ft3 depending on mix design and targeted weight requirements. It can also be used as a feed stock for the production of other specialty ferric oxide products such as ceramics, pigments, concrete or brick coloring, and other industrial applications. Hematite can also be used to create jewelry and crystal stones. More Info
 * 3.Hematite (See Table Above)**
 * Applications:**

The flexibility of mica flakes together with it's high aspect ratio provides beneficial properties in both polymer and cementicious systems. In plastics mica increases rigidity, maximum working temperatures and dimensional stability. In cementicious systems, mica prevents shrinkage and cracking - vital characteristics in fire protection boards and coatings.
 * 12. Mica: Biotite (See Table Above)**
 * Applications:**

Mica reinforces surface coatings and prevents cracking in marine, industrial and decorative formulations. Automotive products, fire extinguishers, fire protection coatings and welding rods all utilise the combined properties of this fascinating mineral. More Info

Sheet Rock wall board, paint fillers, some cements, plaster of Paris, fertilizer, ornamental Alabaster and as rare mineral specimens. More Info
 * 14. Gypsum: Satin Spar (See Table Above)**
 * Application:**

**1.** The basic idea behind separation is that sand drops to the bottom fast. Silt takes a little longer (30 min) to drop to the bottom. Clay takes 24 hours or more to come out of solution. Put three 50 ml tubes in a rack or cup. Put 15 ml of soil into the first tube to the 15 ml line. Tap the soil down to make sure it has no air pockets. **2.** Use a pipette and add 1 ml of a little soapy water to the soil sample (it is a dispersent) and fill the tube to the 45 ml line with tap water. Cap and gently shake for 2 minutes making sure that the soil sample is well mixed in. REMOVE ORGANIC MATERIAL FROM THE TOP, be sure to dump into TRASH, not in the SINK. Then add water to fill to the 45 ml line if there is less than 45 ml.  **3.** Let the tube sit for 30 seconds, open the cap and carefully pour the solution into the second tube. Be sure not to dump the solid contents into the second tube. Let this sit for 30 minutes.   //a.// read how much sand is left in the tube //b.// read how much liquid was poured over and subtract from 45 ml **4.** Pour the solution off into the third tube and let this sit overnight.   **5.** Calculate how much of sand, silt and clay there is **one** of these two ways //a.// method 15 ml (initial volume of soil) subtract ml of solids in tube 1 (sand) __subtract ml of solids in tube 2 (silt) __ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">solids left over is the clay __**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">-6 **__**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">(slit) **
 * EXERCISE 2: SOIL COMPOSITION**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">4 ml **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">45 ml - 40 ml = 5ml **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">15 (initial volume) **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">-4 (sand) **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">5 (clay) **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">//b//. method <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">45 ml minus fluid in tube 1 = ml of sand <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">fluid in tube 1 minus fluid in tube 2 = silt <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">15 ml minus sand and silt = clay he stuff floating on the top are organic litter ) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">to calculate the volume __amount you found__ X 100 = the percent for each 15 ml.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">TABLE 2

 * **Type of Dirt** || **% of Total** ||
 * Sand || 26.66 ||
 * Slit || 40 ||
 * Clay || 33.33 ||


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">EXERCISE 3: FOSSILS **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Cast: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">fossolized copies of plants and animals. (plant or animal over thousands of years)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Mold: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">hollow impressions of plants and animals. (the material that protected the fossil)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Sea Lilly <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">This sea lillly is a cast because it is not hollow. One can see how the lilly has been carved arround so that it would not be damaged. This sea lilly still lies with in its mold.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">FOSSILES: GOOGLE AMBER **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Flower Beetle **
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">What is amber? a hard translucent fossil resin varying in color from yellow to light. [|AMBER]
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">What kinds of fossils are typically preserved in amber? botanical and animal inclusions, microscopic bacteria, and fungi. []
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">How are amber fossils different than those in limestone? Fossils in amber are completely preserved while those in limestone trun up to be fossilized bones. Amber preserves the flesh and contents in the stomach. @http://www.ehow.com/facts_5908477_fossil-limestone-information.html
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">How old can these fossils be? 20 to 30 million years old
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Does amber contain DNA? Explain. Yes, because amber preserves the body, bodily fluids, and flesh. If we take Jurassic Park into account and how they were able to clone dianasours because of the DNA found in amber.
 * 6) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">What is the difference between real and fake amber? [|A] [|B] For one a real amber will have a more eathly smell because it was created by nature. It is harder and under ultraviolet light it has a pale blue color. It is harder than most fakes and a copal as well. Will not dissolve in nail polish remover. The over all point that both articles make is that amber is a natual reoccuring substance and anything that smells and tast different from earthy substances is a fake. Copal of course is the only exception because its a younger version of amber but they do have differen densities and hardness scales.