Lab+6+ForensicDNA


 * EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC NOTATION**

**What are the following in scientific notation?** 6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 34,599,800,000 12.56 0.3456789 0.0000000332 0.000000000000000000000000000000123456789 6 trillion
 * //6X10^24 //**
 * //3.45998X10^10 //**
 * //1.256X10^1 //**
 * //3.456789X10^-1 //**
 * //3.32X10^-8 //**
 * //1.23456789X10^-30 //**

**What are the following in standard notation?** 3 x 10^5 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">2.44 x 10^-7 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">6.02 x 10^23 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">6.62 x 10^-34 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">1.5 x 10^11 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">1.44 x 10^-1 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">**EXERCISE 2: DNA PROBABILITY VS FREQUENCY**
 * //<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">300,000 //**
 * //<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">0.000000244 //**
 * //<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 //**
 * //<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">0.000000000000000000000000000000000662 //**
 * //<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">150,000,000,000 //**
 * //<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">0.144 //**

Table ABO
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">**genotype probability** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">AA =1/9(11%) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">AB =2/9(22%) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Ai =2/9(22%) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">BB =1/9(11%) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Bi =2/9(22%) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">ii =1/9(11%)
 * || **A** || **B** || **i** ||
 * **A** || AA || AB || Ai ||
 * **B** || AB || BB || Bi ||
 * **i** || Ai || Bi || ii ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">**phenotype probability** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">A =1/3(33%) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">AB =2/9(22%) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">B =1/3(33%) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">O =1/9(11%)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">A ~32% <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">AB ~2% <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">B ~10% <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">O ~55%
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">ACTUAL PHENOTYPE FREQUENCY (from website) **

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">When it comes to blood distribution, it cannot be determined by race or skin color but some blood types seem to be more prominent to certain areas of the world. Blood type B is highest in Central Asia and lowest in America and Australia. It is also the rarest blood type in the world. Blood type A is common in unrelated population and it is absent in Central and Southern America. Blood type O is the most common arround the world. It is particularly common in Central and South America where it reaches to 100% of these populations. Its lowest frequencies are found in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Summery of Distribution **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">parent has both A allele at LDLR to contribute, so yes for LDLR <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">parent has the A and B alleles at GYPA to contribute, so yes for GYPA <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">parent has the has the A and B alleles at HBGG to contribute, so yes for HBGG (B allele is contributed) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">parent has the has the B allele at D7S8 to contribute, so yes for D7S8 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">parent has the has the C allele at GC to contribute, so yes for GC <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">**Paternity Case 2** parent has both A allele at LDLR to contribute, so yes for LDLR <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">parent has the B allele at GYPA to contribute, so yes for GYPA <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">parent has the has the A and B alleles at HBGG to contribute, so yes for HBGG (A allele is contributed) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">parent has the has the B allele at D7S8 to contribute, so yes for D7S8 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">parent has the has the A and C alleles at GC to contribute, so yes for GC (C allele is contributed) Neither parent has both A allele at LDLR to contribute, so yes for LDLR <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">parent has the A and B alleles at GYPA to contribute, so yes for GYPA <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">parent has the has the A and B alleles at HBGG to contribute, so yes for HBGG (A allele is contributed) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">parent has the has the B allele at D7S8 to contribute, so yes for D7S8 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">parent has the has the C allele at GC to contribute, so yes for GC
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">EXERCISE 3: FORENSIC DNA FINGERPRINTING **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Paternity Case 1 **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Pop 1 **
 * Pop 2**
 * Paternity Case 3**
 * Paternity Case 4**
 * Pop 1**